绪论 单元测试
1、单选题：Techniques used for collecting biopsy sample include: （ ）
A:Endoscopic forceps
B:All the other options are included
C:Scratching
D:Local excision
E:Deep organ puncture
正确答案:【All the other options are included】
第一章 单元测试
1、单选题：A 17-year-old boy infected with hepatitis A experiences mild nausea for about 1 week and develops very mild scleral icterus. On physical examination, he has minimal right upper quadrant tenderness. Laboratory findings include a serum AST of 68U/L, ALT 75U/L, and total bilirubin 5.l mg/dL. The increase in this patient’s serum enzyme levels most likely results from which of the following changes in the hepatocytes?
A:Clumping of nuclear chromatin
B:Dispersion of ribosomes
C:Autophagy by lysosomes
D:Defects in the cell membrane
E:Swelling of the mitochondria
正确答案:【Defects in the cell membrane】
2、单选题：An experiment analyzes cells for enzyme activity associated with sustained cellular proliferation. Which of the following cells is most likely to have the highest telomerase activity?
A:Endothelial cells
B:Erythrocytes
C:Neutrophils
D:Germ cells
E:Neurons
正确答案:【Neurons 】
3、单选题：In a clinical trial, a chemotherapeutic agent is given to patients with breast cancer metastases. Samples of the cancer cells are obtained and assessed for the presence of death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Mutational inactivation of which of the following products is most likely to render tumor cells resistant to the effects of such an agent?
A:Cytochrome P-450
B:NF- kappaB
C:Granzyme B
D:p53
E:BCL-2
正确答案:【NF- kappaB】
4、单选题：A 22-year-old woman has a congenital anemia that has required multiple transfusions of RBCs for many years. On physical examination, she now has no significant findings; however, liver function tests show reduced serum albumin. Which of the following findings would most likely appear in a liver biopsy specimen?
A:Steatosis in hepatocytes
B:Glycogen in hepatocytes
C:Hemosiderin in hepatocytes
D:Amyloid in portal triads
E:Bilirubin in canaliculi
正确答案:【Hemosiderin in hepatocytes】
5、单选题：A 69-year-old man has had difficulty with urination, including hesitancy and frequency, for the past 5 years. A digital rectal examination reveals that the prostate gland is palpably enlarged to about twice normal size. A transurethral resection of the prostate is performed, and the microscopic appearance of the prostate “chips” obtained is that of nodules of glands with intervening stroma. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the prostate?
A:Fatty change
B:Apoptosis
C:Hyperplasia
D:Dysplasia
E:Hypertrophy
F:Metaplasia
正确答案:【Hyperplasia】
6、单选题：A 33-year-old woman has had increasing lethargy and decreased urine output for the past week. Laboratory studies show serum creatinine level of 4.3mg/dL and urea nitrogen level of 40mg/dL. A renal biopsy is performed, and the specimen is examined using electron microscopy. Which of the following morphologic changes most likely suggests a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis?
A:Ribosomal disaggregation
B:Chromatin clumping
C:Plasma membrane blebs
D:Nuclear fragmentation
E:Mitochondrial swelling
正确答案:【Nuclear fragmentation 】
7、单选题：A 63-year-old man has a 2-year history of worsening congestive heart failure. An echocardiogram shows mitral stenosis with left atrial dilation. A thrombus is present in the left atrium. One month later, he experiences left flank pain and notes hematuria. Laboratory testing shows elevated serum AST. Which of the following patterns of tissue injury is most likely to be present?
A:Coagulative necrosis
B:Caseous necrosis
C:Fat necrosis
D:Gangrenous necrosis
E:Liquefactive necrosis
正确答案:【Coagulative necrosis 】
8、多选题：On a routine visit to the physician, an otherwise healthy 51-year-old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. If the patient’s hypertension remains untreated for years, Which of the following cellular changes is unlikely to occur in myocardium?
A:Hemosiderosis
B:Hyperplasia
C:Metaplasia
D:Hypertrophy
E:Atrophy
正确答案:【Hemosiderosis;Hyperplasia;Metaplasia;Atrophy】
9、多选题： In an experiment, cells are subjected to radiant energy in the form of x-rays. This results in cell injury caused by hydrolysis of water. Which of the following cellular enzymes does not protect cells from this damage?
A:Endonuclease
B:Phospholipase
C:Lactate dehydrogenase
D:Protease
E:Glutathione peroxidase
正确答案:【Endonuclease;Phospholipase;Lactate dehydrogenase;Protease】
10、单选题：A 68-year-old woman suddenly lost consciousness and, on awakening 1 hour later, she could not speak or move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head CT scan showed a large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the brain?
A:Karyolysis
B:Coagulative necrosis
C:Apoptosis
D:Fat necrosis
E:Liquefactive necrosis
正确答案:【Liquefactive necrosis】
第二章 单元测试
1、单选题：A 60-year-old woman developed chest pain that persisted for 4 hours. A radiographic imaging procedure showed an apparent myocardial infarction involving a 3×4 cm area of the posterior left ventricular free wall. Laboratory findings showed serum creatine kinase of 600 U/L. The patient received both anti-arrhythmic and pressor agents to treat the decreased cardiac output while in the hospital. Which of the following pathologic findings would most likely be seen in the left ventricle l month later?
A:Fibrous scar
B:Nodular regeneration
C:Abscess
D:Coagulative necrosis
E:Complete resolution
正确答案:【Fibrous scar】
2、单选题：An experiment infects one group of test animals with viral hepatitis. Two months later, complete recovery of the normal liver architecture is observed when the livers from these animals are examined microscopically. A second test group is infected with bacterial organisms, and after the same period of time, fibrous scars from resolving abscesses are seen microscopically in the livers. Which of the following factors best explains the different outcomes for the two test groups?
A: Extent of liver cell injury
B:Extent of damage to the bile ducts
C:Injury to the connective tissue framework
D:Nature of the etiologic agent
E:Location of the lesion
正确答案:【Injury to the connective tissue framework 】
3、单选题：A 23-year-old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an abscess on her upper outer right arm. She undergoes minor surgery to incise and drain the abscess, but the wound heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most likely to be deficient in this patient?
A:Collagen deposition
B:Re-epithelization
C:Neutrophil infiltration
D:Serine proteinase production
E:Fibroblast growth factor elaboration
正确答案:【Collagen deposition】
4、单选题：A cesarean section is performed on a 20-year-old woman to deliver a term infant, and the lower abdominal incision is sutured. The sutures are removed l week later. Which of the following statements best describes the wound site at the time of suture removal?
A:Wound strength is 80% of normal tissue
B:Collagen degradation exceeds synthesis
C:Granulation tissue is still present
D:No more wound strength will be gained
E:Type IV collagen predominates
正确答案:【Granulation tissue is still present 】
5、单选题：A 40-year-old man underwent laparotomy for a perforated sigmoid colon diverticulum. A wound infection complicated the postoperative course, and surgical wound dehiscence occurred. Primary closure was no longer possible, and the wound “granulated in.” Six weeks later, the wound is only l0% of its original size. Which of the following processes best accounts for the observed decrease in wound size over the past 6 weeks?
A:Myofibroblast contraction
B:Inhibition of metalloproteinases
C: Resolution of subcutaneous edema
D:Elaboration of adhesive glycoproteins
E:Increase in synthesis of collagen
正确答案:【Myofibroblast contraction 】
6、单选题：In an experiment involving observations on wound healing, researchers noted that intracytoplasmic cytoskeletal elements, including actin, interact with the extracellular matrix to promote cell attachment and migration in wound healing. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for such interaction between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix?
A:Integrin
B:Platelet-derived growth factor
C:Type IV collagen
D:Vascular endothelial growth factor
E:Epidermal growth factor
F:Fibronectin
正确答案:【Integrin】
7、单选题：In an experiment, release of epidermal growth factor into an area of denuded skin causes mitogenic stimulation of the skin epithelial cells. Which of the following proteins is most likely to be involved in transducing the mitogenic signal from the epidermal cell membrane to the nucleus?
A:Cyclin-dependent kinase
B: Cyclic AMP
C: G proteins
D:Cyclin D
E:RAS proteins
正确答案:【RAS proteins】
8、单选题：An experiment analyzes factors involved in the cell cycle during growth factor-induced cellular regeneration in a tissue culture. Cyclin B synthesis is induced; the cyclin B then binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). The active kinase produced by this process is most likely to control progression in which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
A:G2 to M
B:M to G1
C:S to G2
D:G1 to S
E:G0 to G1
正确答案:【G2 to M】
9、单选题：An experiment is conducted involving cellular aspects of wound healing. Components of the extracellular matrix are analyzed to determine their sites of production and their binding patterns to other tissue components.Which of the following molecules synthesized by fibroblasts can best bind to cellular integrins and extracellular collagen and attach epidermal basal cells to basement membrane?
A:Procollagen
B:Fibronectin
C:Dermatan sulfate
D:Hyaluronic acid
E:Heparin
正确答案:【Fibronectin】
10、多选题：In an experiment, surgical incisions are made in a study group of laboratory rats. Observations about the wounds are recorded over a 2-week period using a variety of chemical mediators. Which of the following steps in the inflammatory-repair response is impossible affected by neutralization of transforming growth factor-β?
A:Increase in vascular permeability
B:Migration of epithelial cells
C:Production of collagen
D:Leukocyte extravasation
E:Chemotaxis of lymphocytes
正确答案:【Increase in vascular permeability ;Migration of epithelial cells;Leukocyte extravasation;Chemotaxis of lymphocytes】
第三章 单元测试
1、单选题：A 52-year-old woman with no major medical problems takes a long airplane flight across the Pacific Ocean. Upon arrival at Sydney’s Kingsford Smith airport following the flight from Los Angeles, she cannot put her shoes back on. There is no pain or tenderness. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?
A:Femoral vein thrombosis developed.
B:Activation of Hageman factor has led to bradykinin production.
C:Venous hydrostatic pressure became increased.
D:A cellulitis developed in her legs.
E:A lot of drinks were served in the first class section.
正确答案:【Venous hydrostatic pressure became increased. 】
2、单选题：A 56-year-old man has had increasing difficulty breathing for the past week. On physical examination he has no fever. Auscultation of his chest reveals diminished breath sounds and dullness to percussion bilaterally. There is 2+ pitting edema present to the level of his thighs. A chest radiograph reveals bilateral pleural effusions. Which of the following laboratory test findings is he most likely to have?
A:Neutrophilia
B:Hypoalbuminemia
C:Hypernatremia
D:Anemia
E:Glucosuria
正确答案:【Hypoalbuminemia】
3、单选题：A study of atherogenesis is performed. There is a propensity for atheromas to form at muscular arterial branch points, such as the carotid and aortic bifurcations. Which of the following events in the arteries at these locations is most likely to initiate atherogenesis?
A:Lactic acidosis
B:Cholesterol breakdown
C:Collagen synthesis
D:Hypoxemia
E:Endothelial dysfunction
正确答案:【Endothelial dysfunction】
4、单选题：A 61-year-old man has the sudden onset of severe chest pain. Vital signs include T 37°C, P 102/minute, RR 20/minute, and BP 80/40 mm Hg. An electrocardiogram demonstrates changes that are consistent with myocardial ischemia involving the left lateral ventricular free wall. He is given thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) 3 hours after the onset of chest pain. However his serum creatinine kinase is found to be 450 U/L (elevated) 3 hours after this therapy. Which of the following cellular events has most likely occurred?
A:Reperfusion injury
B:Increased synthesis of creatine kinase
C:Drug-induced necrosis
D:Cellular regeneration
E:Myofiber atrophy
正确答案:【Reperfusion injury】
5、单选题：A clinical study is performed with subjects who have thrombocytopenia <10,000/microliter. These patients are observed to have defects in coagulation with spontaneous bleeding characterized by multiple petechiae and purpura and stool samples positive for occult blood. Which of the following coagulation functions is most likely to remain largely intact in these patients?
A:Induction of vasoconstriction
B:Adherence to injured vascular walls
C:Increase in surface sites for coagulation
D:Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
E:Release of substances that neutralize heparin
正确答案:【Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin】
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