第一章 单元测试
1、单选题：In many developing nations, _________ provide employment opportunities and ____________ to pay for the many products that cannot be produced in the home country. （）
A:exports, outputs
B:exports, earnings
C:imports, outputs
D:imports, earnings
正确答案:【exports, earnings
】
2、单选题：The economic relationship and integration among nations is defined as:（）
A:open economies
B:macroeconomics
C:microeconomics
D:economic interdependence
正确答案:【economic interdependence
】
3、单选题：The ratio between a country’s imports and exports of goods or services to their gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of that country’s:（）
A:economic interdependence
B:openness as an economy
C:microeconomics
D:macroeconomics
正确答案:【economic interdependence
】
4、单选题：The total value of all goods and services produced within a nation’s borders is called:（）
A:GDP
B:GNP
C:current account balance
D:net exports
正确答案:【GDP
】
5、单选题：The economic interdependence among nations has ___________ over recent history.（）
A:increased
B:decreased
C:uncertain
D:remained the same
正确答案:【increased
】
6、单选题：In 2020, under the COVID-19 VIRUS, we can guess that the world GDP ______________, while the world trade level ____________ .( )
A:decreased, decreased
B:decreased, increased
C:increased, increased
D:increased, decreased
正确答案:【decreased, decreased
】
7、单选题：Which of the following analyzes the basis for and gains from trade?（）
A:Balance of payments
B:International trade policy
C:International trade theory
D:Foreign exchange market
正确答案:【International trade theory
】
8、单选题：A summary statement of all the international transactions of the residents of a nation with the rest of the world during a particular period of time is called:（）
A:Net exports
B:GNP
C:GDP
D:Balance of payments
正确答案:【Balance of payments
】
9、判断题：When interest rates increase in a major large country, capital flows from abroad will increase. ( )
A:对
B:错
正确答案:【对】
第二章 单元测试
1、单选题：The economic force giving rise to the existence and degree of trade between two nations is referred to as:（）
A:basis for trade
B:pattern of trade
C:losses from trade
D:gains from trade
正确答案:【basis for trade
】
2、单选题：The increase in consumption in each nation resulting from specialization in production and trading is referred to as:（）
A:basis for trade
B:pattern of trade
C:losses from trade
D:gains from trade
正确答案:【gains from trade
】
3、单选题：The commodities exported and imported by each nation constitute the:（）
A:gains from trade
B:pattern of trade
C:losses from trade
D:basis for trade
正确答案:【pattern of trade
】
4、单选题：The school of thought during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries proposing that the way for a nation to become richer was to restrict imports and stimulate exports was :（）
A:Classical School
B:Opportunity cost
C:Laissez Faire
D:Mercantilist
正确答案:【Mercantilist
】
5、单选题：_____________explains how mutually beneficial trade can take place even when one nation is less efficient than another nation in the production of all commodities.（）
A:The law of comparative advantage
B:Mercantilism
C:The labor theory of value
D:The law of absolute advantage
正确答案:【The law of comparative advantage
】
6、单选题：____________________states that the cost or price of a commodity is determined by, or can be inferred exclusively from, its labor content.（）
A:The opportunity cost theory
B:The law of comparative advantage
C:The labor theory of value
D:Mercantilism
正确答案:【The labor theory of value
】
7、单选题：____________________states that the true cost of a commodity is the amount of a second commodity that must be given up to release just enough resources to produce one more unit of the first commodity:（）
A:The opportunity cost theory
B:The law of comparative advantage
C:Mercantilism
D:The labor theory of value
正确答案:【The opportunity cost theory
】
8、单选题：The ability of one nation to produce a commodity using fewer resources than another nation is:（）
A:mercantilism
B:absolute advantage
C:specialization
D:comparative advantage
正确答案:【absolute advantage
】
9、单选题：When the amount of a commodity that must be given up to produce each additional unit of another commodity, regardless of the amount of the commodity foregone, is the same at every level of production, which of the following exists?（）
A:comparative advantage
B:constant opportunity costs
C:increasing opportunity costs.
D:absolute advantage
正确答案:【constant opportunity costs
】
10、判断题：The ratio of one commodity price to the price of another commodity is called relative commodity price.（）
A:对
B:错
正确答案:【对】
第三章 单元测试
1、单选题：_______________ cause a nation to give up more and more of one commodity in order to produce each additional unit of another.（）
A:Constant opportunity costs
B:Costs of production
C:Decreasing opportunity costs
D:Increasing opportunity costs
正确答案:【Increasing opportunity costs
】
2、单选题：Increasing opportunity costs result in a production possibilities frontier that is ___________ from the origin.（）
A:convex
B:horizontal
C:linear
D:concave
正确答案:【concave
】
3、单选题：____________ is the amount of one commodity that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of another.（）
A:marginal cost
B:production frontier
C:marginal rate of return
D:marginal rate of transformation (MRT)
正确答案:【marginal rate of transformation (MRT)
】
4、单选题：The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:（）
A:the amount of Y that consumers are willing to give up to consume each additional unit of X.
B:the amount of X that consumers are willing to give up to consume each additional unit of Y.
C:the amount of X that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of Y.
D:the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of X.
正确答案:【the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of X.
】
5、单选题：What is another name for the opportunity cost of a commodity?（）
A:marginal rate of return
B:marginal rate of substitution (MRS)
C:revealed comparative advantage
D:marginal rate of transformation (MRT)
正确答案:【marginal rate of transformation (MRT)
】
6、单选题：When countries engage in international trade, specialization tends to be:（）
A:complete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs
B:incomplete with constant costs and complete with increasing costs
C:complete with constant costs, and complete with increasing costs
D:incomplete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs
正确答案:【incomplete with constant costs and complete with increasing costs
】
7、单选题：Why do increasing opportunity costs of production occur?（）
A:Factors of production are not being used in the same fixed proportion
B:Factors of production are homogeneous
C:Factors of production are completely adaptable to every use
D:None of the above
正确答案:【Factors of production are not being used in the same fixed proportion
】
8、单选题：Nations will have different production possibilities frontiers because of which characteristic?（）
A:differences in degree of industrialization
B:differences in factor endowments
C:differences in community indifference curves
D:differences in marginal costs of production
正确答案:【differences in factor endowments
】
9、单选题：The tastes or demand preferences of a nation are given by:（）
A:production frontiers
B:consumption possibilities curves
C:community indifference curves
D:marginal rate of transformation(MRT)
正确答案:【community indifference curves
】
10、判断题：Increasing opportunity costs result in a production frontier that is convex from the origin.（）
A:错
B:对
正确答案:【错】
第四章 单元测试
1、单选题：Assume both labor and capital are completely mobile, and a nation is capital rich/labor scarce. In order to increase welfare, what kind of trade policy should the government adapt?（）
A:Not restrict trade, because any decline in real wages will be matched with an even larger gain by those who own capital
B:Only restrict trade that will make the real wage fall, and allow trade that will not affect wages
C:Restrict all trade, because the standard of living will decline and people will be worse off
D:Not restrict trade, because the real wage will eventually cycle back to the pre-trade value, eliminating any losses in the standard of living
正确答案:【Not restrict trade, because any decline in real wages will be matched with an even larger gain by those who own capital
】
2、单选题：Which of the following is a part of the Heckscher-Ohlin model that states international trade will bring about equalization in the returns to homogeneous factors across nations?（）
A:Factor-endowment theory
B:Product cycle theory
C:Factor-proportions theory
D:Factor-price equalization theorem
正确答案:【Factor-price equalization theorem
】
3、单选题：The Heckscher-Ohlin theory is often referred to as: （）
A:Factor-price equalization theorem
B:Factor-proportions theory
C:Factor-proportions theory and Factor-endowment theory
D:Factor-endowment theory
正确答案:【Factor-proportions theory and Factor-endowment theory
】
4、单选题：Which of the following is considered to be a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?（）
A:Product cycle theory
B:Economies of scale theory
C:Specific factors theory
D:Intra-industry trade theory
正确答案:【Specific factors theory
】
5、单选题：According to the specific factors trade theory:（）
A:Owners of factors specific to export industries lose when trade takes place, but owners of factors specific to import-competing industries gain
B:Owners of factors specific to export industries gain when trade takes place, but owners of factors specific to import-competing industries lose
C:Both owners of factors specific to export industries and owners of factors specific to import-competing industries lose from trade
D:Both owners of factors specific to export industries and owners of factors specific to import-competing industries gain from trade
正确答案:【Owners of factors specific to export industries gain when trade takes place, but owners of factors specific to import-competing industries lose
】
6、单选题：In his empirical test of Heckscher and Ohlin’s model, Leontief found that（）
A:the US imported and exported more labor intensive goods.
B:the US imported more capital intensive goods and exported more labor intensive goods.
C:the US imported and exported more capital intensive goods.
D:the US imported more labor intensive goods and exported more capital intensive goods.
正确答案:【the US imported more capital intensive goods and exported more labor intensive goods.
】
7、单选题：Which of the following is not an example of a capital rich nation?（）
A:India
B:Canada
C:Germany
D:Italy
正确答案:【India
】
8、判断题：Non-traded goods and services are those that are not traded because of international barriers to entry, such as exorbitant import tariffs.（）
A:错
B:对
正确答案:【错】
第五章 单元测试
1、单选题：The ______________ hypothesizes that a portion of international trade is based on the introduction of new products or processes:（）
A:product cycle model
B:technological gap model
C:real business cycle model
D:specific-factors model
正确答案:【technological gap model
】
2、单选题：Which theory states that a nation will tend to export commodities intensive in its relatively abundant and cheap factor?（）
A:Stolper-Samuelson theory
B:Intraindustry trade theory
C:Product cycle theory
D:Heckscher-Ohlin theory
正确答案:【Heckscher-Ohlin theory
】
3、单选题：Which of the following would least likely apply to the product cycle theory?（）
A:Computers
B:Coal
C:Digital cameras
D:Televisions
正确答案:【Coal
】
4、单选题：The product cycle model was introduced by:（）
A:Eli Heckscher
B:Wassily Leontief
C:Alfred Marshall
D:Raymond Vernon
正确答案:【Raymond Vernon
】
5、单选题：Which model states that a nation can shift from being a net exporter of a good to a net importer of the same good?（）
A:Specific-factors model
B:Product cycle model
C:Technological gap model
D:Real business cycle model
正确答案:【Product cycle model
】
6、单选题：___________ involves international trade in the differentiated products of the same industry or broad product group.（）
A:Inter-industry trade
B:Intra-national trade
C:Intra-industry trade
D:Product cycle model
正确答案:【Intra-industry trade
】
7、单选题：With ______________, inputs increase proportionately more than the increase in output.（）
A:Decreasing returns to scale
B:Increasing returns to scale
C:Constant returns to scale
D:International returns to scale
正确答案:【Decreasing returns to scale
】
8、单选题：With ______________, inputs increase in direct proportion to the increase in output.（）
A:constant returns to scale
B:increasing returns to scale
C:international returns to scale
D:decreasing returns to scale
正确答案:【constant returns to scale
】
9、判断题：Increasing returns to scale generally exist because of greater division of labor and labor specialization and specialized and productive machinery.（）
A:错
B:对
正确答案:【对】
第六章 单元测试
1、单选题：A tax of 15 percent per imported item would be an example of: ( )
A:Compound tariff
B:Ad valorem tariff
C:Effective tariff
D:Specific tariff
正确答案:【Ad valorem tariff
】
2、单选题：Suppose that the United States eliminates its tariff on steel imports, permitting foreign-produced steel to enter the U.S. market. Steel prices to U.S. consumers would be expected to:（）
A:Increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase
B:Increase, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decrease
C:Decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase
D:Decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would decrease
正确答案:【Decrease, and the foreign demand for U.S. exports would increase
】
3、单选题：When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, its tariff policy generally results in a: （）
A:Fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates
B:Rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates
C:Nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate
D:Effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate
正确答案:【Nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate
】
4、单选题：The principal benefit of tariff protection goes to: （）
A:Domestic consumers of the good produced
B:Foreign producers of the good produced
C:Foreign consumers of the good produced
D:Domestic producers of the good produced
正确答案:【Domestic producers of the good produced
】
5、单选题：Which of the following policies permits a specified quantity of goods to be imported at one tariff rate and applies a higher tariff rate to imports above this quantity?（）
A:Specific tariff
B:Tariff quota
C:Ad valorem tariff
D:Import tariff
正确答案:【Tariff quota
】
6、单选题：When the production of a commodity does not utilize imported inputs, the effective tariff rate on the commodity: ( )
A:None of the above
B:Equals the nominal tariff rate on the commodity
C:Exceeds the nominal tariff rate on the commodity
D:Is less than the nominal tariff rate on the commodity
正确答案:【Equals the nominal tariff rate on the commodity
】
7、单选题：Should Canada（a large nantion）impose a tariff on imports, one would expect Canada’s: （）
A:Terms of trade to improve and volume of trade to decrease
B:Terms of trade to worsen and volume of trade to increase
C:Terms of trade to worsen and volume of trade to decrease
D:Terms of trade to improve and volume of trade to increase
正确答案:【Terms of trade to improve and volume of trade to decrease
】
8、判断题：A ad valorem tariff provides domestic producers a declining degree of protection against import-competing goods during periods of changing prices.（）
A:错
B:对
正确答案:【错】
9、判断题：When material inputs enter a country at a very low duty while the final imported product is protected by a high duty, the result tends to be a high rate of protection for domestic producers of the final product. （）
A:对
B:错
正确答案:【对】
10、判断题：A nation whose imports constitute a very small portion of the world market supply is a price taker, facing a constant world price for its import commodity. （）
A:对
B:错
正确答案:【对】
第七章 单元测试
1、单选题：Because export subsidies tend to result in domestic exporters charging lower prices on their goods sold overseas, the home country’s: ( )
A:Export revenues will rise
B:Export revenues will decrease
C:Terms of trade will worsen
D:Terms of trade will improve
正确答案:【Terms of trade will worsen
】
2、单选题：Compared to an import quota, an equivalent tariff may provide a less certain amount of protection for home producers since: ( )
A:A tariff has no deadweight loss in terms of production and consumption
B:Quotas do not result in increases in the price of the imported good
C:Tariffs are effective only if home demand is perfectly elastic
D:Foreign firms may absorb the tariff by offering exports at lower prices
正确答案:【Foreign firms may absorb the tariff by offering exports at lower prices
】
3、单选题：If a tariff and an import quota lead to equivalent increases in the domestic price of steel, then: ( )
A:The tariff results in efficiency reductions but the quota does not
B:The quota results in efficiency reductions but the tariff does not
C:They have identical impacts on how much is produced and consumed
D:They have identical impacts on how income is distributed
正确答案:【They have identical impacts on how much is produced and consumed
】
4、单选题：Import quotas tend to all of the following except: ( )
A:Domestic consumers of the imported good being harmed
B:Prices increasing in the importing country
C:Prices falling in the exporting country
D:Domestic producers of the imported good being harmed
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