2024知到网课 BASIC CHEMISTRY 基础化学智慧树答案

第一章 单元测试

1、单选题：Solids have a __________ shape and are not appreciably __________.
A:sharp, convertible
B:definite, incompressible
C:indefinite, incompressible
D:indefinite, compressible
E:definite, compressible
正确答案:【definite, compressible】

2、单选题：The symbol for the element potassium is __________.
A:K
B:Ca
C:Pt
D:P
E:S
正确答案:【K】

3、单选题：The SI unit for mass is __________.
A:gram
B:kilogram
C:troy ounce
D:pound
正确答案:【kilogram】

4、单选题：The temperature of 25°C is __________ in kelvins.
A:138
B:298
C:248
D:103
E:166
正确答案:【298】

5、单选题：The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. A piece of silver with a mass of 61.3 g would occupy a volume of __________ cm3.
A:0.171
B:0.00155
C:10.5
D:644
E:5.84
正确答案:【5.84】

6、单选题：The correct result of the molecular mass calculation for H2SO4 is ________. 4 × 15.9994 + 32.066 + 2 × 1.0079
A:98.079
B:98.08
C:98.074
D:98.838
E:98.84
正确答案:【98.079】

7、单选题：There are __________ significant figures in the answer to the following computation: (29.2 – 20.0) (1.79 × 105)/1.39
A:1
B:2
C:3
D:4
E:5
正确答案:【2】

8、单选题：Of the following, __________ is the smallest mass.
A:25 kg
B:2.5 × 109 fg
C:2.5 × 10-2 mg
D:2.5 × 1010 ng
E:2.5 × 1015 pg
正确答案:【2.5 × 109 fg】

9、单选题：Accuracy refers to __________.
A:how close a measured number is to infinity
B:how close a measured number is to the calculated value
C:how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
D:how close a measured number is to the true value
E:how close a measured number is to zero
正确答案:【how close a measured number is to the true value】

10、单选题：In which one of the following numbers are all of the zeros significant?
A:0.05843
B:0.003002
C:0.1
D:100.09009
E:0.14329
正确答案:【100.09009】

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：A certain mass of carbon reacts with 13.6 g of oxygen to form carbon monoxide. __________ grams of oxygen would react with that same mass of carbon to form carbon dioxide, according to the law of multiple proportions?
A:27.2
B:25.6
C:6.8
D:136
E:13.6
正确答案:【27.2】

2、单选题：Which statement below correctly describes the responses of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation to an electric field?
A:Both alpha and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while beta shows no response
B:Both beta and gamma are deflected in the same direction, while alpha shows no response
C:Both alpha and beta are deflected in the same direction, while gamma shows no response
D:Only alpha is deflected, while beta and gamma show no response
E:Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response
正确答案:【Alpha and beta are deflected in opposite directions, while gamma shows no response】

3、单选题：__________ and __________ reside in the atomic nucleus.
A:Neutrons, only neutrons
B:Protons, electrons
C:Electrons, neutrons
D:Protons, neutrons
E:none of the above
正确答案:【Protons, neutrons】

4、单选题：Which one of the following is not true concerning cathode rays?
A:They travel in straight lines in the absence of electric or magnetic fields
B:They are made up of electrons
C:They impart a negative charge to metals exposed to them
D:They originate from the negative electrode
E:The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted
正确答案:【The characteristics of cathode rays depend on the material from which they are emitted】

5、单选题：The charge on an electron was determined in the __________.
A:Dalton atomic theory
B:Millikan oil drop experiment
C:cathode ray tube, by J. J. Thompson
D:atomic theory of matter
E:Rutherford gold foil experiment
正确答案:【Millikan oil drop experiment】

6、单选题：In the Rutherford nuclear-atom model, __________.
A:the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) all have essentially the same mass and mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
B:mass is spread essentially uniformly throughout the atom
C:the light subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
D:the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus
E:the three principal subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) all have essentially the same mass
正确答案:【the heavy subatomic particles, protons and neutrons, reside in the nucleus】

7、单选题：All atoms of a given element have the same __________.
A:number of electrons and neutrons
B:mass
C:density
D:number of protons
E:number of neutrons
正确答案:【number of protons】

8、单选题：An atom of the most common isotope of gold, 197Au, has __________ protons, __________ neutrons, and __________ electrons.
A:118, 79, 39
B:79, 118, 79
C:79, 197, 197
D:197, 79, 118
E:79, 118, 118
正确答案:【79, 118, 79】

9、单选题：Which combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct for the isotope copper-63, ?
A:29 p+ , 29 n°, 63 e−
B:34 p+ , 29 n°, 34 e−
C:34 p+ , 34 n°, 29 e−
D:29 p+ , 34 n°, 29 e−
E:63 p+ , 29 n°, 63 e−
正确答案:【29 p+ , 34 n°, 29 e−】

10、单选题：Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of __________ but differing number of __________.
A:electrons, protons
B:protons, electrons
C:protons, neutrons
D:neutrons, electrons
E:neutrons, protons
正确答案:【protons, neutrons】

第三章 单元测试

1、单选题：__________ is credited with developing the concept of atomic numbers.
A:Lothar Meyer
B:Dmitri Mendeleev
C:Henry Moseley
D:Ernest Rutherford
E:Michael Faraday
正确答案:【Henry Moseley】

2、单选题：Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing __________.
A:average atomic mass
B:atomic number
C:number of isotopes
D:oxidation number
E:atomic mass
正确答案:【atomic number】

3、单选题：The first ionization energies of the elements __________ as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table, and __________ as you go from the bottom to the top of a group in the table.
A:are completely unpredictable
B:decrease, decrease
C:decrease, increase
D:increase, decrease
E:increase, increase
正确答案:【increase, increase】

4、单选题：In general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right: (1) the atomic radius __________; (2) the electron affinity becomes __________ negative; and (3) the first ionization energy __________.
A:increases, increasingly, decreases
B:decreases, decreasingly, increases
C:increases, increasingly, increases
D:decreases, increasingly, decreases
E:decreases, increasingly, increases
正确答案:【decreases, increasingly, increases】

5、单选题：Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals?
A:formation of dianions
B:the smallest atomic radius in a period
C:existence as diatomic molecules
D:very high melting point
E:the lowest first ionization energies in a period
正确答案:【the lowest first ionization energies in a period】

6、单选题：Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form __________.
A:metal hydrides
B:oxygen gas
C:metal hydroxides
D:water and a salt
E:hydrogen gas
正确答案:【metal hydroxides】

7、单选题：An alkaline earth metal forms a compound with oxygen with the formula __________. (The symbol M represents any one of the alkaline earth metals.)
A:M2O2
B:MO3
C:MO
D:M2O
E:MO2
正确答案:【MO】

8、单选题：Which non-metal exists as a diatomic solid?
A:bromine
B:boron
C:iodine
D:phosphorus
E:antimony
正确答案:【iodine】

9、单选题：The only noble gas that does not have the ns2np6 valence electron configuration is __________.
A:neon
B:helium
C:krypton
D:radon
E:All noble gases have the ns2np6 valence electron configuration
正确答案:【helium】

10、单选题：What is the oxidation number of chromium in [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl __________?
A:0
B:-3
C:3
D:-2
E:2
正确答案:【3】

第四章 单元测试

1、单选题：There are __________ paired and __________ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a phosphorus atom.
A:4, 3
B:2, 3
C:4, 2
D:2, 4
E:0, 3
正确答案:【2, 3】

2、单选题：There are __________ unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for an oxygen atom.
A:3
B:4
C:1
D:0
E:2
正确答案:【2】

3、单选题：The electron configuration of the phosphide ion (P3- ) is __________.
A:[Ne]3s2
B:[Ne]3s23p1
C:[Ne]3s23p6
D:[Ne]3p2
E:[Ne]3s23p3
正确答案:【[Ne]3s23p6】

4、单选题：Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form __________.
A:compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
B:covalent compounds
C:homonuclear diatomic compounds
D:covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature
E:ionic compounds
正确答案:【ionic compounds】

5、单选题：Determining lattice energy from Born-Haber cycle data requires the use of __________.
A:Coulomb’s law
B:Hess’s law
C:Periodic law
D:the octet rule
E:Avogadro’s number
正确答案:【Hess’s law】

6、单选题：How many hydrogen atoms must bond to silicon to give it an octet of valence electrons?
A:1
B:3
C:5
D:2
E:4
正确答案:【4】

7、单选题：In the molecule below, which atom has the largest partial negative charge __________?
A:C
B:I
C:F
D:Cl
E:Br
正确答案:【F】

8、单选题：Electronegativity __________ from left to right within a period and __________ from top to bottom within a group.
A:increases, stays the same
B:decreases, increases
C:increases, decreases
D:increases, increases
E:stays the same, increases
正确答案:【increases, decreases】

9、单选题：The Lewis structure of AsH3 shows __________ nonbonding electron pair(s) on As.
A:This cannot be determined from the data given.
B:3
C:2
D:0
E:1
正确答案:【1】